Dinaric and Nordic Modal Haplotypes

The Dinaric Modal Haplotype (DMH: 16 –24–11– 11 –13, defined by DYS19 –390–391–392–393, respectively) has a focus of distribution in the Balkan peninsula and the Nordic Modal Haplotype (NMH: 14 – 23 – 10 – 11 – 13) has a focus of distribution in Scandinavia. It should be noted that two Y chromosomes having the same haplotype are not necessarily related, since the same haplotype may be observed on different backgrounds. The ancient ancestral origins of Y chromosomes are determined by unique event polymorphisms (UEPs) for which there are currently no open-access databases. By contrast, there are a few short-tandem-repeat (STR) databases, as STRs are heavily used in the forensic community. Both the DMH and the NMH are associated with Haplogroup I.

A search for the NMH in YHRD reveals as expected, a high frequency in Sweden (13%), Southern Norway (16%), Värmland, Sweden (12%), Northern Norway (16%), Oslo (9%), Östergötland/Jönköping, Sweden (10%), Uppsala (11%), Skaraborg, Sweden (13%), Central Norway (15%), Blekinge, Sweden (14%).

A search for the DHMH reveals it in Byelorussia (10%), Kiev (13%), Ljubljana, Slovenia (10%), FYROM (12.1%), Moscow (11%), Zagreb Croatia (16%).

A few other observations:

• NMH/DMH: European Americans from NYC (2/3%), Maryland (2/2%), Missouri (2/0%), Pennsylvania (3/0%)
  
• NMH/DMH: Athens (3/5%), Macedonian Greeks (0/7%), Peloponnesians (0/6%), Thessaliots (7/7%), Epirots (7/0%)
  
• NMH/DMH in Italy: Latium (4/0%), Liguria (2/0%), Lombardy (2/1%), Marche (2/2%), Puglia (3/0%), Sicily (1/0%), Tuscany (0/0%), Veneto (2/0%), Emilia Romagna (0/1%)
  
• NMH/DMH: Warsaw (4/4%), Moscow (2/11%), Vilnius (1/1%), Albania (1/5%), London, UK (2/1%)
  

NB: Sample sizes vary; see original data for sample sizes.